Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again)
Why Hacker News recommends it
HN mostly cites it as a source for Karpathy's framing of programming in English and his generate-then-verify workflow, with a few critics finding it hype.
What it is
Andrej Karpathy's keynote at AI Startup School laying out software 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0, with LLMs seen as utilities, fabs and operating systems. It covers LLM quirks, partial-autonomy apps and keeping a human in the generate-and-verify loop.
Recommended by 1 HN commenters across 1 different months, 2025 to 2025.
What Hacker News said
Recommends MangoCoffee · 2025-08 · on “AI is predominantly replacing outsourced, offshore workers”
I've done a vibe coding hobby project where I simply give AI instructions on what I want, using a persona-based approach for the agent to generate or fix the code. It worked out pretty well. Who knows how the software engineering landscape will change in 10 to 20 years? I enjoyed Andrej Karpathy's talk about software in the era of AI. [this video]
Cites AdieuToLogic · 2025-06 · on “Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]”
>> A recurring theme presented, however, is that LLM's are somehow not controlled by the corporations which expose them as a service. The presenter made certain to identify three interested actors (governments, corporations, "regular people") and how LLM offerings are not controlled by governments. This is a bit disingenuous. > I don't think that's what he said, he was identifying the first customers and uses. The portion of the presentation I am referencing starts at or near 12:50[0]. Here is what was said: I wrote about this one particular property that strikes me as very different this time around. It's that LLM's like flip they flip the direction of technology diffusion that is usually p
Cites beacon294 · 2025-06 · on “Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]”
What is this "clerk" library he used at this timestamp to tell him what to do? [this video] Gemini found it via screenshot or context: [LINK] This is what he used for login on MenuGen: [LINK]
Cites diggan · 2025-06 · on “Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]”
I think this is the moment you're referring to? [this video] > maybe you've seen a lot of GitHub code is not just like code anymore there's a bunch of like English interspersed with code and so I think kind of there's a growing category of new kind of code so not only is it a new programming paradigm it's also remarkable to me that it's in our native language of English and so when this blew my mind a few uh I guess years ago now I tweeted this and um I think it captured the attention of a lot of people and this is my currently pinned tweet uh is that remarkably we're now programming computers in English now I agree that it's remarkable that you can tell a computer "What is the biggest city in Ma
Cites globnomulous · 2025-06 · on “LLM code generation may lead to an erosion of trust”
> Being asked if I'm kidding by the person comparing Google glasses to machine learning algorithms is pretty funny ngl. I didn't draw the comparison. Karpathy, one of the most prominent LLM proponents on the planet -- the guy who invented the term 'vibe-coding' -- drew the comparison.[1] > And the "I don't use these tools and never will" sentiment is rampant in the tech community right now. So yes, I am serious. I think you misunderstood my comment -- or my comment just wasn't clear enough: I quoted the line "It does amaze me that the people who don't use these tools seem to have the most to say about them." and then I asked "You're kidding, right?" In other words, "you can't seriously belie
Cites billmalarky · 2025-08 · on “GPT-5”
Ah, I probably should have listed some of the "assumptions" I'm developing it on top of: 1) Regarding the "generation is how learning occurs" claim, I'm going off of this: [LINK] Granted, that article refers to retrieval specifically being one major way we learn, and of course learning incorporates many dimensions. But it seems a bit self-evident that retrieval occurs heavily during active problem solving (ie "generation"), and less so during passive learning (ie: just reading/consuming info). From personal experience, I always noticed I learned much more by doing than by consuming documentation alone. But yes, I admit this assumption and my own personal experience/bias is doing a lot of hea
Cites chubot · 2025-09 · on “Vibe coding cleanup as a service”
Yes definitely, but I'm pretty sure that he was just saying vibe coding is POSSIBLE and a fun thing to try, to see how far you can get (which is true, it can do some surprising things) Not that companies should literally try to "vibe code" production software Two publishers and three authors fail to understand what “vibe coding” means - [LINK] ( I think Karpathy addressed what he meant in this video, though I forget the details: Software Is Changing (Again) [this video] ) The phrase got totally taken out of context, probably because it's what people WANTED to believe. They wanted to believe that the hard thing was now easy, and they could make/save a lot of money that way
Critical belter · 2025-06 · on “Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]”
Painful to watch. The new tech generation deserves better than hyped presentations from tech evangelists. This reminds me of the Three Amigos and Grady Booch evangelizing the future of software while ignoring the terrible output from Rational Software and the Unified Process. At least we got acknowledgment that self-driving remains unsolved: [this video] And Waymo still requires extensive human intervention. Given Tesla's robotaxi timeline, this should crash their stock valuation...but likely won't. You can't discuss "vibe coding" without addressing security implications of the produced artifacts, or the fact that you're building on potentially stolen code, books, and copyrighted training data. A