Linear transformations and matrices | Chapter 3, Essence of linear algebra
Why Mathematics Stack Exchange recommends it
Mathematics Stack Exchange users link it when someone needs a geometric, visual grasp of what matrices and linear transformations actually do, especially basis vectors and columns.
Recommended by 23 people across 25 different months, 2016 to 2024.
What it is
An animated explainer from 3Blue1Brown, chapter 3 of the Essence of Linear Algebra series. It shows how a matrix encodes a linear transformation by recording where the basis vectors land, and how matrix-vector multiplication follows from that picture.
What people said
Strong rec Nεo Pλατo · 2020-02 · Mathematics Stack Exchange · on “Linear Algebra - finding angle between two vectors”
If you are learning linear algebra, here's a gem: [LINK] Best linear algebra intro ever! Watch everything. But anyway, you can associate that to a transformation from $\vec w_1 \to \vec w_2$ . [LINK] and [this video] . Those explain how it works. Thus rotation becomes a mapping of where $\hat \imath, \hat \jmath$ go when defined by a matrix. One column for $\hat \imath, \hat \jmath$ each. But in your case $\hat \imath=\vec w_1$ so I'll just approach it directly. Both basis vectors are on a unit circle. So any point on that circle is defined by the co-ordinates $(\cos(\theta), \sin(\theta)) \qquad \text{Check the diagram.}$ [LINK] So if $\hat \imath$ has been rotated, it has moved 120 degrees alon
Strong rec bubba · 2021-04 · Mathematics Stack Exchange · on “Looking for practical examples or books on linear transformations”
You’d probably have more luck with a computer graphics or CAD book (or web site) rather than a linear algebra book. Some good books are: Eberly [LINK] Goldman [LINK] Faux and Pratt [LINK] But they’re a bit expensive, and I expect you’ll find what you need on the internet. Just Google “transformation matrices”. For example, I think this guy [this video] is just brilliant.
Recommends Ben Grossmann · 2016-08 · Mathematics Stack Exchange · on “Alternate Characterization of Linearity”
This question is prompted by this video on matrices and linear transformations [this video] , which I highly recommend as a pedagogical tool. In it, the author characterizes linear transformations in the following way (I'm paraphrasing and formalizing) Define a line in a vector space to be a set of the form $L = \{u + t\,v: t \in \Bbb R\}$ for some vectors $u$ and $v$ (note: $L$ may consist of a single point) . That is, $S$ is an affine subspace of dimension at most $1$ . A function $T: \Bbb R^n \to \Bbb R^m$ is linear if: $T(0) = 0$ For any line $L \subset \Bbb R^n$ , the image $T(L)$ is a line in $\Bbb R^m$ I like this definition because of its geometric appeal and the fact that it manages to "
Recommends Bruno Reis · 2016-10 · Mathematics Stack Exchange · on “Linear transformation with linearly independent subsets of domain and codomain”
"Is there always a linear mapping $T:\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^m$ ?" No, and to see that you can apply the rank-nullity theorem: Let: $$ B_v = \left\{ v1,\cdots, v_n \right\}\\ B_w = \left\{ w1,\cdots, w_n \right\} $$ Where $B_v$ is basis for $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $B_w$ is a basis for $\mathbb{R}^m$. Assuming that $ker(T) = B_v$ and $im(T) = B_w$, we get: $$ \dim \mathbb{R}^n = \dim (B_v) + \dim (B_n)\\ n = n + m \Rightarrow \text{ False!} $$ With that you can conclude that the theorem says: No! But if you get a injective map, you'll se that the kernel of that function is $ \left\{ 0 \right\}$, and then, by the theorem it's going to be possible... So it's possible, but not always! To
Recommends Arthur · 2016-11 · Mathematics Stack Exchange · on “Find the matrix $A$ of transformation $T:\Bbb R^3\to \Bbb R^2$”
This video [this video] , while only talking about linear transformations $\Bbb R^2\to \Bbb R^2$, explains pretty well what such a matrix looks like.
Recommends Neil Aronson · 2016-12 · Mathematics Stack Exchange · on “Relationship between properties of linear transformations algebraically and visually”
I learned from 3Blue1Brown's Linear Algebra videos [this video] that a 2-D transformation is linear if it follows these rules: lines remain lines without getting curved the origin remains fixed in place grid lines remain parallel and evenly spaced I'm now going through linear algebra from a textbook, which lays out this definition of a linear transformation: T(u+v) = T(u) + T(v) T(cu) = cT(u) I'm wondering, is there a connection between these two ways of thinking of linear transformations? Do the visual ways of seeing 2-D linear transformations correspond to the formal definition when in 2-D?
Recommends Bunny · 2017-01 · Mathematics Stack Exchange · on “2 linear algebra questions”
This is not answer as requested . It is a explanation that can hopefully give you a more intuitive understanding to help you come up with your proofs. A linear function is any function that satisfies two properties: $ \gamma f(\vec x)= f(\gamma \vec x) $ and $ f(\vec x + \vec y)= f( \vec x)+ f(\vec y)$ where $\vec x \vec y $ are vectors and $\gamma $ is a scalar. You're instinct to think of a parabola is correct. What you want is a function that doesn't satisfy the two properties. Basically a linear function is a function that geometrically speaking can stretch and change directions of vectors but does not transform a straight line into a any graph with a curvature. This has to do with the f
Recommends sangstar · 2017-07 · Mathematics Stack Exchange · on “Question regarding the intuitive, visual interpretation of matrix multiplication”
I have a question on one of 3Blue1Brown's wonderful youtube videos regarding what matrix multiplication visually is. It can be found here. [this video] The part of the video I'm concerned with starts at roughly $6:20$. What I gathered, is that the narrator says that any matrix $A$ can be pictured as a transformation of basis vectors $\hat i + \hat j$ into $A$ by $IA$, where $\hat i + \hat j$ is the identity matrix and $A$ is what the basis vectors \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1\\ \end{bmatrix}will now orient themselves as. When two matrices, $C$ and $D$ are multiplied together, I interpreted this as essentially taking $I$, multiplying it by $D$, then taking that transformed basis vector and multi
Recommends user266764 · 2017-12 · Mathematics Stack Exchange · on “How do I find the transformation matrix between two sets of points?”
@SpaceFace I could write a real tome about, so let me suggest a wondrous video which will clarify you everything: [this video]
Recommends Drewby · 2018-05 · Mathematics Stack Exchange · on “Why do you use the inverse matrix to find the image of a curve in the plane?”
Given a $2\times2$ linear transformation matrix and the equation of a curve in the plane (e.g. $x^2+y^2=1$), why does one use the inverse matrix to find the equation of the image of the equation after the transformation? I recently watched a video [this video] that explained how $2\times2$ matrices represent linear transformations in the plane. For example, if I wanted to find the image of the point $(1,0)$ after the transformation given by the matrix $$ \left[\begin{matrix}2&1\\-1&0\\\end{matrix}\right], $$ I would simply multiply: $$ \left[\begin{matrix}2&1\\-1&0\\\end{matrix}\right]\left[\begin{matrix}1\\0\\\end{matrix}\right]=\left[\begin{matrix}2\\-1\\\end{matrix}\right]\rightarrow(2,-1). $$